Component Deployment System

ABSTRACT

A method and apparatus for deploying a group of panels. An apparatus comprises a group of panels in a folded configuration against a side of a spacecraft, a group of flexible members connected to the group of panels, and an interface system associated with the group of panels and the group of flexible members. The interface system is configured to move the group of panels from the folded configuration to a deployed configuration when the group of flexible members is extended from the spacecraft.

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application Ser. No.61/799,231, attorney docket no. 1406-003.001, entitled “Solar Arrays andDeployment Mechanisms for Solar Arrays,” filed Mar. 15, 2013, which isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

1. Field

The present disclosure relates generally to deploying components and, inparticular, to systems for deploying components. Still moreparticularly, the present disclosure relates to a method and apparatusfor deploying components from a spacecraft.

2. Background

Spacecraft are used for various purposes while in space. A spacecraft,as used herein, is a vehicle, vessel, or machine configured to perform anumber of operations in space. Spacecraft may be self-propelled spacevehicles configured for short-term space missions, or space vehiclesthat are configured to remain in space for a longer period of time. Inother cases, a spacecraft may be a space station, a satellite, or someother suitable structure.

Satellites are an increasingly popular type of spacecraft used toperform a variety of operations while in space. These satellites areused in a number of diverse fields. For example, without limitation,satellites may be used for navigation, communications, environmentalmonitoring, weather forecasting, research, broadcasting, and otherapplications. Many homes, businesses, government organizations, andother users may use satellites on a daily basis for entertainment,communications, information gathering, and other purposes.

Satellites are typically placed into orbit using launch vehicles and maybe launched from moveable platforms or from land. The size of thesatellite determines the amount of thrust needed from the launch vehicleto launch the satellite. In an effort to decrease the cost of placing asatellite into orbit, operators are decreasing the size of thesatellite. As the size of the satellite decreases, the amount of thrustneeded to launch the satellite also decreases. Both the decrease in sizeof the satellite, as well as the type of launch vehicle used, decreasesthe cost of launching the satellite into orbit. As a result, more andmore entities are decreasing the size of satellites used.

Depending on the purpose of the satellite, components may be deployedfrom the satellite during various stages of operation. These componentsmake take the form of panels. For example, at least one of a steeringdevice, a drag device, an antenna, a solar panel, or some other type ofcomponent may be deployed from the satellite.

In some cases, solar panels are used by the satellite to generate energyfrom the sun. In this illustrative example, a solar panel is a group ofphotovoltaic modules electrically connected to a support structure.These solar panels may be stored close to the housing of the satelliteduring launch and later deployed while the satellite is in orbit. Forinstance, solar panels stored against the side of the satellite mayunfold. In a similar fashion, other components, such as antennas, arestored close to the housing of the satellite during transport from theearth into orbit and later deployed.

With smaller satellites, the storage capacity of the satellite may notbe as great as desired. For example, the satellite may need more powerto perform operations than can be generated by the solar panels storedin, and deployed from, the satellite. In other instances, the size ofthe antenna that may be deployed from the satellite might not providethe amount of communications capability needed. As a result, thesatellite may not function as desired. Therefore, it would be desirableto have a method and apparatus that take into account at least some ofthe issues discussed above, as well as other possible issues.

SUMMARY

In one illustrative embodiment, an apparatus comprises a group ofpanels, a group of flexible members connected to the group of panels,and an interface system associated with the group of panels and thegroup of flexible members. The group of panels is in a foldedconfiguration against a number of sides of a spacecraft. The interfacesystem is configured to move the group of panels from the foldedconfiguration to a deployed configuration when the group of flexiblemembers is extended from the spacecraft.

In another illustrative embodiment, a method for deploying a group ofpanels is presented. A group of flexible members is extended from aspacecraft. The group of panels is moved from a folded configuration toa deployed configuration using an interface system such that the groupof flexible members is extended from the spacecraft.

In yet another illustrative embodiment, an antenna system comprises agroup of flexible rods, an interface system, and a deployment mechanism.The group of flexible rods is associated with a group of antennareflector panels in a folded configuration against a number of sides ofa satellite. The interface system is associated with the group ofantenna reflector panels and the group of flexible rods. The interfacesystem is configured to move the group of antenna reflector panels fromthe folded configuration to a deployed configuration. The deploymentmechanism is configured to extend the group of flexible rods as thegroup of antenna reflector panels moves from the folded configuration tothe deployed configuration. In another illustrative embodiment, asteering system comprises a platform and a movement system. The platformis located within a housing of a satellite. The movement system isassociated with the platform and configured to change an orientation ofthe platform to maneuver a group of components in space after the groupof components is deployed from the satellite.

In still another illustrative embodiment, an antenna system comprises aparabolic antenna reflector, a group of flexible rods, an interfacesystem, and a deployment mechanism. The parabolic antenna reflector isin a folded configuration against a number of sides of a satellite. Thegroup of flexible rods is associated with the parabolic antennareflector. The interface system is associated with the parabolic antennareflector and the group of flexible rods. The interface system isconfigured to move the parabolic antenna reflector from the foldedconfiguration to a deployed configuration. The deployment mechanism isconfigured to extend the group of flexible rods as the parabolic antennareflector moves from the folded configuration to the deployedconfiguration.

In yet another illustrative embodiment, a solar panel comprises a solararray. The solar array has a first set of solar modules and a second setof solar modules. The first set of solar modules is configured to befolded along a longitudinal axis and the second set of solar modules isconfigured to be folded along a diagonal axis to form a foldedconfiguration for the solar array.

The features and functions can be achieved independently in variousembodiments of the present disclosure or may be combined in yet otherembodiments in which further details can be seen with reference to thefollowing description and drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The novel features believed characteristic of the illustrativeembodiments are set forth in the appended claims. The illustrativeembodiments, however, as well as a desired mode of use, furtherobjectives and features thereof, will best be understood by reference tothe following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment of thepresent disclosure when read in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is an illustration of a spacecraft in accordance with anillustrative embodiment;

FIG. 2 is an illustration of a block diagram of an aerospace vehicle inaccordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 3 is an illustration of a block diagram of an interface system inaccordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 4 is an illustration of a block diagram of a panel in accordancewith an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 5 is an illustration of a deployment system for a satellite inaccordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 6 is an illustration of a deployment system for a satellite inaccordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 7 is an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a deploymentsystem for a satellite in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 8 is an illustration of a deployment system for a satellite inaccordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 9 is an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a deploymentsystem for a satellite in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 10 is an illustration of a folded configuration of a panel for asatellite in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 11 is an illustration of a panel deploying from a satellite inaccordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 12 is an illustration of a panel deploying from a satellite inaccordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 13 is an illustration of a panel deploying from a satellite inaccordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 14 is an illustration of a panel deploying from a satellite inaccordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 15 is an illustration of a panel deploying from a satellite inaccordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 16 is an illustration of a panel deploying from a satellite inaccordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 17 is an illustration of a panel deploying from a satellite inaccordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 18 is an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a panel in adeployed configuration and an interface system in accordance with anillustrative embodiment;

FIG. 19 is an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a deploymentsystem for a satellite in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 20 is an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a deploymentsystem for a satellite in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 21 is an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a deploymentsystem for a satellite in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 22 is an illustration a satellite with a group of panels deployedfrom the satellite in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 23 is an illustration of a satellite with a group of panelsdeployed from the satellite in accordance with an illustrativeembodiment;

FIG. 24 is an illustration of a satellite in accordance with anillustrative embodiment;

FIG. 25 is an illustration of a satellite in accordance with anillustrative embodiment;

FIG. 26 is an illustration of a satellite with a group of componentsdeployed from the satellite in accordance with an illustrativeembodiment;

FIG. 27 is an illustration of a solar panel in accordance with anillustrative embodiment;

FIG. 28 is an illustration of a section of a solar array in accordancewith an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 29 is an illustration of a solar module in accordance with anillustrative embodiment;

FIG. 30 is an illustration of a solar module in accordance with anillustrative embodiment;

FIG. 31 is an illustration of a steering system for a satellite inaccordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 32 is an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a steeringsystem for a satellite in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 33 is an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a steeringsystem for a satellite in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 34 is an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a steeringsystem for a satellite in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 35 is an illustration of a flowchart of a process for deploying agroup of panels in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 36 is an illustration of a flowchart of a process for deploying agroup of panels from a spacecraft in accordance with an illustrativeembodiment;

FIG. 37 is an illustration of a spacecraft manufacturing and servicemethod in the form of a block diagram in accordance with an illustrativeembodiment; and

FIG. 38 is an illustration of a spacecraft in the form of a blockdiagram in which an illustrative embodiment may be implemented.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The illustrative embodiments recognize and take into account one or moredifferent considerations. For example, the illustrative embodimentsrecognize and take into account that it may be desirable to increase thesize of components that are deployed from a satellite. For example, theillustrative embodiments recognize and take into account that withlarger solar panels deployed from the satellite, more power can begenerated by the satellite. This increase in power may provideadditional operating capabilities for the satellite, increase thefunctioning life of the satellite, or both. In a similar fashion, theillustrative embodiments recognize and take into account that increasingthe size of an antenna deployed from a satellite increases thecommunication capabilities of that satellite.

The illustrative embodiments recognize and take into account, however,that some currently used deployment systems for deploying componentsfrom a satellite include structures that may increase the weight of thesatellite more than desired, require more storage space in the satellitethan desired, or both. For example, some currently used systems includepanels stored against the sides of the satellite. These panels aredeployed away from the spacecraft after the satellite is in orbit.Cantilevered systems for unfolding panels may not hold the panels asstiff or as flat as desired, and may add more weight than desired to thesatellite. Increasing the weight of the satellite is undesirable becausethe cost to launch the satellite increases as the weight of thesatellite increases. Additionally, the size of the panels properlystored against the side of the satellite may be limited by the size ofthe satellite.

The illustrative embodiments further recognize and take into accountthat some currently used deployment systems for deploying componentsfrom a satellite may not perform as desired. For instance, when solarpanels are being deployed, some deployment systems may not deploy thesolar panels such that the solar panels lay flat. As a result, the solarpanels may not capture the desired amount of light energy from the sun.

Thus, the illustrative embodiments provide a method and apparatus fordeploying a group of panels. In one illustrative embodiment, anapparatus comprises a group of panels in a folded configuration againsta number of sides of a spacecraft, a group of flexible members connectedto the group of panels, and an interface system associated with thegroup of panels and the group of flexible members. The interface systemis configured to move the group of panels from the folded configurationto a deployed configuration when the group of flexible members isextended from the spacecraft.

Referring now to the figures and, in particular, with reference to FIG.1, an illustration of a spacecraft is depicted in accordance with anillustrative embodiment. Spacecraft 100 takes the form of satellite 102.

As depicted, satellite 102 includes housing 104 with number of sides106. Number of sides 106 includes side 108, side 110, side 112, and side114. Satellite 102 also includes top plate 116 and bottom plate 118.

Satellite 102 comprises deployment system 120 in this illustrativeexample. Deployment system 120 is associated with housing 104 ofsatellite 102. In this illustrative example, deployment system 120 islocated within base section 122 of housing 104. Deployment system 120 isconfigured to deploy a group of components (not shown in this view) fromsatellite 102.

With reference next to FIG. 2, an illustration of a block diagram of anaerospace vehicle is depicted in accordance with an illustrativeembodiment. In this depicted example, aerospace vehicle 200 is a vehiclethat may be capable of flight within the Earth's atmosphere, outside theEarth's atmosphere, or both. For example, aerospace vehicle 200 may beselected from one of an aircraft, a spacecraft, or some other suitabletype of aerospace vehicle.

As depicted, aerospace vehicle 200 takes the form of spacecraft 201. Inthis depicted example, spacecraft 100 from FIG. 1 is an example of aphysical implementation for spacecraft 201 shown in block form in thisfigure. Spacecraft 201 is satellite 202 in this illustrative example.

Satellite 202 is an object that has been placed into orbit. Satellite202 is an artificial satellite in this illustrative example. In otherwords, satellite 202 is a man-made satellite.

In this depicted example, satellite 202 may take various forms. Forinstance, satellite 202 may take the form of at least one of anastronomy satellite, a research satellite, a communications satellite, anavigation satellite, a reconnaissance satellite, a weather satellite,or other suitable types of satellites.

As used herein, the phrase “at least one of,” when used with a list ofitems, means different combinations of one or more of the listed itemsmay be used and only one of the items in the list may be needed. Theitem may be a particular object, thing, or category. In other words, “atleast one of” means any combination of items or number of items may beused from the list, but not all of the items in the list may berequired.

For example, “at least one of item A, item B, and item C” may mean itemA; item A and item B; item B; item A, item B, and item C; or item B anditem C. In some cases, “at least one of item A, item B, and item C” maymean, for example, without limitation, two of item A, one of item B, andten of item C; four of item B and seven of item C; or some othersuitable combination.

Satellite 202 is small satellite 204 in this illustrative example. Smallsatellite 204 is a satellite with a weight from about 1 gram to about500 kilograms. In other illustrative examples, satellite 202 may besmaller or larger, depending on the particular implementation. Smallsatellite 204 may be selected from one of a miniature satellite, amicro-satellite, a nano-satellite, a cube satellite, and other suitabletypes of small satellites.

In this depicted example, satellite 202 includes housing 206 with numberof sides 208. As used herein, a “number of” items is one or more items.For example, number of sides 208 is one or more sides.

As depicted, housing 206 forms the structure of satellite 202 whichprovides mechanical support for satellite 202. In this illustrativeexample, housing 206 is comprised of a material selected from one of ametal, a metal alloy, a composite material, other suitable types ofmaterials, or combinations of materials.

As illustrated, deployment system 210 is physically associated withhousing 206 of satellite 202. A first component, such as deploymentsystem 210, may be considered to be physically associated with a secondcomponent, such as housing 206 of satellite 202, by being secured to thesecond component, bonded to the second component, mounted to the secondcomponent, welded to the second component, fastened to the secondcomponent, connected to the second component in some other suitablemanner, or a combination thereof. The first component also may beconnected to the second component using a third component. Further, thefirst component may be considered to be associated with the secondcomponent by being formed as part of the second component, as anextension of the second component, or a combination thereof.

In this depicted example, deployment system 210 is located withinhousing 206 of satellite 202. Deployment system 210 comprises group ofcomponents 212, group of flexible members 214, interface system 216, anddeployment mechanism 218. As used herein, a “group of” items is one ormore items. For instance, group of components 212 is one or morecomponents. Components within group of components 212 may include thesame or different types of components.

In this illustrative example, deployment system 210 is configured todeploy group of components 212 from satellite 202. For example,deployment system 210 is configured to move group of components 212 frominterior 220 of satellite 202 to exterior 222 of satellite 202.

In other illustrative examples, deployment system 210 moves group ofcomponents 212 stored at exterior 222 of satellite 202 into a desiredposition. For instance, deployment system 210 may unfold group ofcomponents 212.

In this depicted example, group of components 212 includes group ofpanels 224. Group of panels 224 are structures configured to take adesired form when deployed from satellite 202. In an illustrativeexample, group of panels 224 may take the form of flat, rectangularstructures when deployed from satellite 202.

As depicted, group of panels 224 comprises panel 226. Panel 226 may takea number of different forms. For example, panel 226 in group of panels224 may be selected from one of a solar panel, an antenna, a dragdevice, and other suitable types of panels.

Deployment system 210 is configured to move group of panels 224 betweenfolded configuration 228 and deployed configuration 230 in thisillustrative example. Folded configuration 228 is an arrangement forgroup of panels 224 in which each of group of panels 224 is bent over onitself so that at least a portion of each of group of panels 224 coversanother portion of each of group of panels 224. In folded configuration228, each of group of panels 224 may be folded a number of times to fitwithin housing 206 of satellite 202.

Deployed configuration 230 is an arrangement in which group of panels224 are extended. In this illustrative example, deployed configuration230 is an unfolded arrangement for group of panels 224.

Group of panels 224 in folded configuration 228 are associated withnumber of sides 208 of satellite 202. For example, panel 226 in group ofpanels 224 is folded against side 232 in number of sides 208 of housing206 of satellite 202.

In this depicted example, group of flexible members 214 are connected togroup of panels 224. Group of flexible members 214 are configured toextend group of panels 224 from satellite 202.

Group of flexible members 214 may take various forms in thisillustrative example. For instance, group of flexible members 214 maytake the form of a rod, a cable, a cord, a rope, a ribbon, a wire, abeam, a line, or some other suitable type of flexible member.

Group of flexible members 214 may be comprised of structures withdifferent types of cross-sectional shapes. For instance, group offlexible members 214 may be comprised of structures with across-sectional shape selected from at least one of a round shape, atriangular shape, a rectangular shape, an irregular shape, a hexagonalshape, or some other suitable type of cross-sectional shape. Group offlexible members 214 may have the same or different cross-sectionalshape from one another.

In this illustrative example, group of flexible members 214 also may becomprised of a number of different types of materials. For example,group of flexible members 214 may be comprised of a material selectedfrom at least one of a composite material, carbon fiber, a metal, ametal alloy, fiberglass, a polymer, or some other suitable material. Thematerial selected for group of flexible members 214 is one that allowsgroup of flexible members 214 to bend in a desired manner withoutbreaking, while still supporting group of panels 224 and interfacesystem 216. Group of flexible members 214 may take the form of group offlexible rods 215 in this illustrative example.

As illustrated, interface system 216 is physically associated with groupof panels 224 and group of flexible members 214. Interface system 216 isconfigured to move group of panels 224 from folded configuration 228 todeployed configuration 230 when group of flexible members 214 areextended from satellite 202. For instance, interface system 216 holdsgroup of panels 224 substantially flat when group of panels 224 is indeployed configuration 230.

In this illustrative example, deployment mechanism 218 is associatedwith housing 206 of satellite 202. For instance, deployment mechanism218 may be located within housing 206 of satellite 202. Deploymentmechanism 218 is a mechanical device configured to extend group offlexible members 214 from interior 220 of satellite 202 to exterior 222of satellite 202 such that group of panels 224 move from foldedconfiguration 228 to deployed configuration 230.

As depicted, deployment mechanism 218 takes various forms. For example,deployment mechanism 218 may take the form of spring 233, motor 235, andother suitable types of deployment mechanisms.

When deployment mechanism 218 takes the form of spring 233, spring 233may be selected from one of a tension spring, a compression spring, atorsion spring, a mainspring, a ribbon spring, a flat spring, a coilspring, and other suitable types of springs. When deployment mechanism218 takes the form of motor 235, group of flexible members 214 may bedeployed from satellite 202 in a controlled manner. In other words,based on the speed of motor 235, the deployment of group of flexiblemembers 214 may be controlled. The speed of motor 235 may bepredetermined or adjusted during deployment of group of flexible members214.

In other illustrative examples, deployment mechanism 218 may includemultiple types of devices in addition to or in place of spring 233 andmotor 235. In this illustrative example, deployment mechanism 218 takesthe form of torsion spring 234. Torsion spring 234 is a flexible,elastic device that stores mechanical energy when coiled.

Torsion spring 234 is configured to be coiled around spool 236 locatedwithin housing 206 of satellite 202 in this illustrative example. Groupof flexible members 214 is also configured to be wound on spool 236.Once released, torsion spring 234 unwinds from spool 236 to extend groupof flexible members 214. In this manner, group of panels 224 is deployedusing group of flexible members 214 and torsion spring 234.Alternatively, when motor 235 is used in deployment mechanism 218, motor235 turns spool 236 to extend group of flexible members 214.

In this depicted example, group of panels 224 is connected to housing206 of satellite 202 at number of contact points 238 along housing 206.Number of contact points 238 is positioned on number of sides 208 ofhousing 206 of satellite 202. For instance, panel 226 may be connectedto side 232 of housing 206 at contact point 240.

Each of group of panels 224 may be connected to housing 206 at number ofcontact points 238 in several ways. For example, each of group of panels224 may be connected to housing 206 at number of contact points 238using an adhesive. In another illustrative example, each of group ofpanels 224 may be connected to housing 206 at number of contact points238 using fasteners. These fasteners may be selected from one of clips,pins, screws, ties, or other suitable types of fasteners.

As illustrated, group of panels 224 are located against number of sides208 of housing 206 of satellite 202 when group of panels 224 is infolded configuration 228. Number of doors 242 is associated with groupof panels 224 located against number of sides 208 of housing 206.

In this illustrative example, number of doors 242 are configured tocover group of panels 224 located against number of sides 208 of housing206 in folded configuration 228 and open such that group of panels 224move from folded configuration 228 to deployed configuration 230. Forexample, door 244 in number of doors 242 is configured to open to movepanel 226 located against side 232 of housing 206 from foldedconfiguration 228 to deployed configuration 230.

As depicted, housing 206 of satellite 202 also includes steering system246. Steering system 246 is configured to maneuver group of components212 in space after group of components 212 have been deployed usingdeployment system 210. For instance, steering system 246 moves group ofpanels 224 such that group of panels 224 face at least one of the sun,an intended target, or some other suitable structure in space. Steeringsystem 246 moves group of panels 224 while the body of satellite 202moves toward the structure, away from the structure, toward anotherobject of interest, or some combination thereof.

In another illustrative example, steering system 246 moves group ofpanels 224 in a desired manner such that mission objectives can beachieved. For instance, steering system 246 may tilt group of panels 224such that group of panels 224 receive a desired amount ofelectromagnetic signals.

In this illustrative example, steering system 246 comprises platform 248and movement system 249. In other illustrative examples, steering system246 includes other components and combinations of components. Thecomponents within steering system 246 are configured to change theorientation of platform 248. In particular, the components withinsteering system 246 are configured to change the normal vector of theplane of deployed platform 248 such that group of panels 224 can pointat any number of areas of interest.

As depicted, platform 248 is located within housing 206 of satellite202. In some illustrative examples, platform 248 is located in the spacebetween group of panels 224 in satellite 202. In this case, platform 248is attached to group of panels 224 such that the movement of platform248 changes the configuration of group of panels 224.

In this depicted example, movement system 249 is configured to tilt thenormal vector of platform 248 to its desired location. Movement system249 may include, for example, without limitation, at least one motorwith a rack and pinion device, or some other suitable type of movementsystem.

In some illustrative examples, steering system 246 includes at least onepivot point about which the platform 248 is tilted using movement system249. In still other examples, steering system 246 may include springs,in addition to movement system 249, that are configured to extend whenmovement system 249 retracts and compress when movement system 249extends. In this case, the springs are present to balance the actions ofmovement system 249, reduce the torque needed from movement system 249,or both. As a result, the size of movement system 249 may be reduced.

With the use of deployment system 210 for satellite 202, group of panels224 may be deployed from satellite 202 in a desired manner. As a result,larger panels may be stored behind number of doors 242 in foldedconfiguration 228 than some currently used systems. Group of flexiblemembers 214 and interface system 216 allow group of panels 224 to beextended in a desired manner such that each of group of panels 224unfolds.

With reference next to FIG. 3, an illustration of a block diagram of aninterface system is depicted in accordance with an illustrativeembodiment. In this depicted example, the components within interfacesystem 216 from FIG. 2 are shown.

As depicted, interface system 216 includes connectors 300 and group ofengagement structures 302. Connectors 300 are associated with group ofpanels 224 and group of flexible members 214 from FIG. 2. In thisillustrative example, connectors 300 are configured to attach to groupof panels 224. For example, connector 304 in connectors 300 isconfigured to attach to panel 226 from FIG. 2 in group of panels 224.

Each one of connectors 300 attaches to one of group of panels 224 atdifferent points on the panel in this illustrative example. For example,when three of connectors 300 are connected to panel 226, and panel 226is a rectangular structure, each of those connectors are attached to acorner of panel 226. In this manner, one corner of panel 226 is attachedmechanically and electrically to housing 206 of satellite 202 at contactpoint 240 from FIG. 2, while three of connectors 300 are each attachedto panel 226 at one of the other three corners of panel 226.

Connectors 300 are configured to move as panel 226 is deployed fromsatellite 202 in this illustrative example. For example, connectors 300move as panel 226 is moved from folded configuration 228 to deployedconfiguration 230.

In this depicted example, connectors 300 comprise channels 306. Each ofconnectors 300 has one of channels 306. For instance, connector 304comprises channel 308. Channels 306 are configured to receive group ofengagement structures 302.

Channels 306 may be the same or different size channels in thisillustrative example. As an example, one of channels 306 may be largerthan another one of channels 306. When three or more channels 306 arepresent, each channel may be a different size.

In this depicted example, group of engagement structures 302 areassociated with group of flexible members 214. For example, group ofengagement structures 302 may be attached to group of flexible members214 at various points along group of flexible members 214. Each of groupof engagement structures 302 is a different size in this illustrativeexample.

Channels 306 correspond to group of engagement structures 302.Specifically, one of channels 306 corresponds with one of group ofengagement structures 302. For instance, channel 308 in connector 304corresponds to engagement structure 310 in group of engagementstructures 302.

Engagement structure 310 in group of engagement structures 302 isconfigured to engage with connector 304 in connectors 300 to move panel226 in group of panels 224 from folded configuration 228 to deployedconfiguration 230. In this case, channel 308 is shaped such thatengagement structure 310 may be received by channel 308 in a desiredmanner. As engagement structure 310 is received by channel 308, thesetwo components help to maintain deployed configuration 230 of panel 226.

In this illustrative example, engagement structure 310 takes the form ofsphere 312. Sphere 312 engages with channel 308 in connector 304.Channel 308 is shaped such that sphere 312 is received by channel 308.For instance, channel 308 may have a shape of a cone.

Group of flexible members 214 are run through channels 306 of connectors300. In this manner, as group of panels 224 are extended, each of groupof engagement structures 302 engages with a corresponding one ofconnectors 300, depending on the size and shape of each of channels 306in connectors 300. As a result, the engagement of group of engagementstructures 302 with channels 306 in connectors 300 moves each of groupof panels 224 from folded configuration 228 to deployed configuration230.

Turning next to FIG. 4, an illustration of a block diagram of a panel isdepicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In this depictedexample, components that may form panel 226 from FIG. 2 are shown.

As depicted, panel 226 may be selected from one of solar panel 400,antenna 402, and drag device 404. In other illustrative examples, othertypes of panels may be used for panel 226, depending on the particularimplementation.

In this depicted example, solar panel 400 is configured to supplyelectric power to satellite 202 in FIG. 2. Solar panel 400 generateselectric power from the sun.

Solar panel 400 includes solar array 406. Solar array 406 is anarrangement of solar modules 408 in this illustrative example. Solarmodules 408 comprise cells configured to convert solar radiation intodirect current energy. Solar array 406 includes first set of solarmodules 410 and second set of solar modules 412. Solar panel 400 withsolar array 406 is configured to be folded into a folded configurationand stored behind number of doors 242 in FIG. 2.

In this illustrative example, first set of solar modules 410 isconfigured to be folded along longitudinal axis 414 of solar array 406.Second set of solar modules 412 is configured to be folded alongdiagonal axis 416 of solar array 406. First set of solar modules 410 andsecond set of solar modules 412 form a folded configuration for solararray 406.

As illustrated, antenna 402 is a device that sends and receives signalsfor satellite 202. Antenna 402 may take the form of a parabolic antennain some illustrative examples. A “parabolic antenna” is an antenna witha curved surface with a cross-sectional shape of a parabola configuredto direct radio waves. In other illustrative examples, antenna 402 is aflat, rectangular structure, similar to solar panel 400.

Antenna 402 may be located against side 232 of housing 206 of satellite202 from FIG. 2 during launch and later deployed to performcommunications operations for satellite 202. These communicationsoperations may take the form of telephone communication, televisioncommunication, radio communication, Internet operations, militarycommunication, and other types of communications operations utilizingvarious frequencies from the electromagnetic spectrum.

In this depicted example, drag device 404 is a structure used to slowthe motion of satellite 202. Drag device 404 may be deployed duringvarious stages of operation of satellite 202 to create drag.

The illustration of aerospace vehicle 200 in FIG. 2 and the componentswithin aerospace vehicle 200 is not meant to imply physical orarchitectural limitations to the manner in which an illustrativeembodiment may be implemented. Other components in addition to or inplace of the ones illustrated may be used. Some components may beoptional. Also, the blocks are presented to illustrate some functionalcomponents. One or more of these blocks may be combined, divided, orcombined and divided into different blocks when implemented in anillustrative embodiment.

For example, although the illustrative examples for an illustrativeembodiment are described with respect to a spacecraft, the illustrativeembodiment may be applied to other types of platforms. The platform maybe, for example, a mobile platform, a stationary platform, a land-basedstructure, an aquatic-based structure, and a space-based structure. Morespecifically, the platform may be a surface ship, a tank, a personnelcarrier, a train, an aircraft, a submarine, an automobile, a powerplant, a bridge, a dam, a house, a windmill, a manufacturing facility, abuilding, and other suitable platforms.

In some illustrative examples, aerospace vehicle 200 takes the form ofan aircraft. In an illustrative example, aerospace vehicle 200 takes theform of an unmanned aerial vehicle. In this case, deployment system 210may be used to deploy group of components 212 from the unmanned aerialvehicle. For instance, a drag device may be deployed from the unmannedaerial vehicle to create drag to slow the unmanned aerial vehicle.

In other illustrative examples, satellite 202 is another type ofsatellite other than small satellite 204. In still other illustrativeexamples, steering system 246 is absent from satellite 202.

In yet another illustrative example, solar modules 408 in solar array406 in FIG. 4 comprise only one set of solar modules of the same type.In this case, all of solar modules 408 may be configured to be foldedalong either longitudinal axis 414 or diagonal axis 416 of solar array406.

In another illustrative example, panel 226 may comprise two or moretypes of arrays. For instance, half of panel 226 may be a solar panel,while the other half of panel 226 may be an antenna. In this instance,panel 226 provides various functions for satellite 202. In still anotherillustrative example, group of panels 224 may be deployed at differenttimes from one another.

Although panel 226 in group of panels 224 has been described as a flat,rectangular structure in one example, panel 226 may take other forms.For instance, panel 226 may comprise a parabolic structure, a circularstructure, a sphere, a triangular structure, a hexagonal structure, orsome other suitable type of structure. When panel 226 is not arectangular structure, more or fewer connectors and engagementstructures may be used to deploy panel 226.

Turning next to FIG. 5, an illustration of a deployment system for asatellite is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Inthis depicted example, deployment system 120 from base section 122 fromFIG. 1 is shown. Other components within satellite 102 have been removedin this illustration to show deployment system 120 in greater detail.

As illustrated, number of doors 500 is associated with number of sides106 of housing 104 of satellite 102. Group of components 502 are storedbehind number of doors 500 in this illustrative example. Number of doors500 is configured to open to deploy group of components 502 fromsatellite 102.

In this depicted example, door 504, door 506, door 508, and door 510 areassociated with side 108, side 110, side 112, and side 114 of housing104 of satellite 102, respectively. At least one of door 504, door 506,door 508, and door 510 is configured to open to deploy group ofcomponents 502 from satellite 102.

For example, a command may be sent to a device within deployment system120 to command the doors to open. This device may be a launch lock (notshown in this view). In one illustrative example, the launch lockincludes an electrically commanded heat element near a polymer wire.Once activated, number of doors 500 open using, for example, withoutlimitation, torsion springs. In other illustrative examples, the launchlock may include an electrically commanded tension wire fuse, or someother suitable component, depending on the particular implementation.

As illustrated, deployment system 120 is used to deploy group ofcomponents 502 from satellite 102 after number of doors 500 have opened.A portion of deployment system 120 may be exposed to the environmentsurrounding base section 122 of housing 104 of satellite 102 in someexamples. Space 512 is present between group of components 502 in thisillustrative example.

Referring now to FIG. 6, an illustration of a deployment system for asatellite is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Inthis depicted example, satellite 102 from FIG. 1 is shown with number ofdoors 500 in an open position to expose group of components 502 storedbehind number of doors 500.

Group of components 502 comprise group of panels 600 in thisillustrative example. Group of panels 600 are solar panels in thisillustrative example. Door 504, door 506, door 508, and door 510 haveopened to expose panel 602, panel 604, panel 606, and panel 608,respectively. Group of panels 600 may now be deployed from satellite 102using deployment system 120.

In FIG. 7, an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a deploymentsystem for a satellite is depicted in accordance with an illustrativeembodiment. In this depicted example, a cross-sectional view ofdeployment system 120 taken along the lines 7-7 in FIG. 6 is shown.Components within deployment system 120 in base section 122 of housing104 of satellite 102 are shown in greater detail in this illustrativeexample.

As depicted, deployment system 120 includes spool 700, chamber 701,spring compartment 702, number of rod compartments 704, bearing 706, andlaunch lock 708. Spring 710 is wound around spool 700 and stored withinspring compartment 702.

Chamber 701 of deployment system 120 houses spring compartment 702,number of rod compartments 704, spring 710, and group of flexible rods712. Group of flexible rods 712 is an example of one implementation fora type of group of flexible members that may be deployed from satellite102 in this illustrative example.

In this depicted example, group of flexible rods 712 are wound aroundspool 700 and stored in number of rod compartments 704. Each flexiblerod in group of flexible rods 712 is stored in one of number of rodcompartments 704 in this illustrative example.

When spring 710 stored in spring compartment 702 is released, spring 710unwinds. Bearing 706 attached to spool 700 causes spool 700 to turn asspring 710 unwinds. This unwinding and the movement of spool 700 usingbearing 706 causes group of flexible rods 712 to be pushed out of numberof rod compartments 704. Number of rod compartments 704 guide each ofgroup of flexible rods 712 to extend in a desired manner. Bearing 706takes the form of a trust bearing in this illustrative example. Bearing706 may take other forms configured to provide rotation of spool 700 inother illustrative examples.

As illustrated, launch lock 708 activates the unwinding of spring 710from spool 700. Launch lock 708 also causes number of doors 500 to openusing, for example, torsion springs at each door hinge.

Turning next to FIG. 8, an illustration of a deployment system for asatellite is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Inthis depicted example, a view of deployment system 120 is shown in thedirection of lines 8-8 in FIG. 6.

As illustrated, chamber 701 of deployment system 120 has opening 800.Group of flexible rods 712 in number of rod compartments 704 are seenthrough opening 800. Flexible rod 802 is extended from opening 800 indeployment system 120 as spring 710 unwinds from spool 700 shown in FIG.7. Flexible rod 802 is configured to deploy panel 604 as flexible rod802 is extended.

In this illustrative example, first end 804 of flexible rod 802 isattached to barrel nut 806. Barrel nut 806 is a type of nut thatincludes threads perpendicular to the length of the nut. A second end offlexible rod 802 (not shown) is attached to spool 700.

In some illustrative examples, barrel nut 806 is configured to pivot asflexible rod 802 is extended from chamber 701. For example, barrel nut806 may pivot in the direction of arrow 808 as flexible rod 802 isextended from chamber 701. Each rod in group of flexible rods 712extends in a similar manner from a different side of satellite 102.

Although first end 804 of flexible rod 802 is shown and describedattached to barrel nut 806, first end 804 may be attached withindeployment system 120 in some other manner. For instance, first end 804of flexible rod 802 may be attached using a different type of part orcombination of parts in addition to or in place of barrel nut 806.

Referring now to FIG. 9, an illustration of a cross-sectional view of adeployment system for a satellite is depicted in accordance with anillustrative embodiment. In this depicted example, a cross-sectionalview of deployment system 120 for satellite 102 taken along the lines9-9 in FIG. 6 is shown.

As depicted, spring 710 is shown wound around spool 700. First end 900of spring 710 is attached to a structure in chamber 701 of deploymentsystem 120 at contact point 902. Second end 904 is associated with spool700. Second end 904 of spring 710 is connected to spool 700 at contactpoint 906. Spring 710 unwinds in the direction of arrow 908 in thisdepicted example.

FIGS. 10-18 depict the deployment of a panel from a satellite using adeployment system. In particular, FIGS. 10-18 depict deployment system120 as panel 604 is moved from a folded configuration to a deployedconfiguration from side 110 of satellite 102. Although FIGS. 10-18 showthe movement of one panel 604, panel 602, panel 606, and panel 608 (notshown in these figures) are deployed from satellite 102 in a similarmanner.

In FIG. 10, an illustration of a folded configuration of a panel for asatellite is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Inthis illustrative example, door 506 has been opened and panel 604 isready for deployment. Panel 604 is in folded configuration 1000. Panel604 is configured to unfold into a flat, rectangular structure in thisillustrative example.

Turning to FIG. 11, an illustration of a panel deploying from asatellite is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Inthis depicted example, the first motion of panel 604 is to unfold inhalf as door 506 opens.

Spring 710 (not shown in this view) has not started unwinding from spool700 at this time. When spring 710 begins to unwind and moves spool 700,flexible rod 802 in group of flexible rods 712 extends in the directionof arrow 1100.

With reference next to FIG. 12, an illustration of a panel deployingfrom a satellite is depicted in accordance with an illustrativeembodiment. In this depicted example, spring 710 begins to unwind fromspool 700. As spring 710 unwinds from spool 700, flexible rod 802 ingroup of flexible rods 712 extends from satellite 102 causing panel 604to further unfold.

In this illustrative example, interface system 1200 is associated withgroup of flexible rods 712 and panel 604. Interface system 1200 includesconnectors 1202 and engagement structures 1204. Connectors 1202 areconnected to panel 604, while engagement structures 1204 are connectedto flexible rod 802.

Connectors 1202 for panel 604 include connector 1207, connector 1208,and connector 1210 in this illustrative example. Each one of connector1207, connector 1208, and connector 1210 is attached to a differentcorner of panel 604. The fourth corner of panel 604 is attached tohousing 104 of satellite 102 at a contact point (not shown in this view)on housing 104.

In this depicted example, each of engagement structures 1204 areconfigured to engage with one of connectors 1202. In particular, each ofengagement structures 1204 is received by a channel (not shown in thisview) in one of connectors 1202.

In this illustrative example, the channels in connectors 1202 aredifferent sizes such that each of connectors 1202 engages with adifferent size of engagement structures 1204. In this manner, someengagement structures 1204 will pass through channels in connectors 1202before engaging with a corresponding connector.

Engagement structure 1212 in engagement structures 1204 is shown in thisview. Engagement structure 1212 is connected to flexible rod 802 andmoves as flexible rod 802 is extended by deployment system 120.Engagement structure 1212 is configured to be received by a channel inconnector 1207. Engagement structure 1212 passes through the channel inconnector 1210 and the channel in connector 1208 before engaging withconnector 1207.

Referring to FIG. 13, an illustration of a panel deploying from asatellite is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Inthis view, engagement structure 1212 has been received by a channel inconnector 1207. Connector 1207 is attached to corner 1300 of panel 604in this illustrative example.

The engagement of engagement structure 1212 with connector 1207 aids inunfolding panel 604 in a desired manner. In particular, the engagementof engagement structure 1212 with connector 1207 helps flatten panel604.

In this depicted example, engagement structure 1302 in engagementstructures 1204 is shown. Engagement structure 1302 is attached toflexible rod 802 and moves as flexible rod 802 is extended. Engagementstructure 1302 is configured to be received by a channel in connector1208.

As depicted, engagement structure 1302 passes through the channel inconnector 1210 before engaging with the channel in connector 1208. Inthis view, engagement structure 1302 is moving out of chamber 701 shownin FIG. 7.

In FIG. 14, an illustration of a panel deploying from a satellite isdepicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Engagementstructure 1400 in engagement structures 1204 is shown in this view.Engagement structure 1400 is connected to flexible rod 802 and moves asflexible rod 802 is extended by deployment system 120.

In this depicted example, engagement structure 1400 is configured toengage a channel in connector 1210. In this view, engagement structure1400 is moving out of chamber 701 shown in FIG. 7.

Referring next to FIG. 15, an illustration of a panel deploying from asatellite is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Inthis depicted example, panel 604 is connected to housing 104 ofsatellite 102 at contact point 1500 on housing 104. In this illustrativeexample, corner 1502 of panel 604 is connected to housing 104 at contactpoint 1500.

As depicted, engagement structure 1302 has been received by a channel inconnector 1208. Connector 1208 is connected to corner 1504 of panel 604in this illustrative example. The engagement of engagement structure1302 with connector 1208 further flattens panel 604.

Next, in FIG. 16, an illustration of a panel deploying from a satelliteis depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. As more offlexible rod 802 is deployed from satellite 102, panel 604 continues tounfold and flatten.

Turning now to FIG. 17, an illustration of a panel deploying from asatellite is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Inthis view, engagement structure 1400 has been received by a channel inconnector 1210. Connector 1210 is attached to corner 1700 of panel 604in this illustrative example. When engagement structure 1400 is engagedwith connector 1210, panel 604 flattens.

Panel 604 is now in deployed configuration 1702. Forces in the directionof arrow 1704, arrow 1706, and arrow 1708 continue to flatten panel 604and hold panel 604 in deployed configuration 1702.

Referring next to FIG. 18, an illustration of a cross-sectional view ofa panel in a deployed configuration and an interface system is depictedin accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In this depicted example,a cross-sectional view of panel 604 in deployed configuration 1702 withinterface system 1200 taken along lines 18-18 in FIG. 17 is shown.

In this view, channels 1800 are present in connectors 1202. Channels1800 include channel 1802, channel 1804, and channel 1806. Channel 1802corresponds to connector 1207, channel 1804 corresponds to connector1208, and channel 1806 corresponds to connector 1210.

As depicted, channel 1802, channel 1804, and channel 1806 are differentsizes. In this illustrative example, channel 1802 is the smallestchannel, channel 1804 is the next largest channel, and channel 1806 isthe largest channel. The sizes for channels 1800 are selected such thatonly one of engagement structures 1204 is received by each of channels1800. In this illustrative example, engagement structure 1212 passesthrough channel 1806 and channel 1804 before being received by channel1802. In a similar fashion, engagement structure 1302 passes throughchannel 1806 before being received by channel 1804. Engagement structure1400 is received by channel 1806 in this illustrative example.

Although FIGS. 10-18 show the deployment of panel 604, other panels ingroup of panels 600 may be deployed in a similar manner. In someexamples, one or more of group of panels 600 may be deployed at the sametime or at different times.

Additionally, although interface system 1200 is shown with threeconnectors 1202 and three engagement structures 1204, other numbers ofconnectors 1202 and corresponding engagement structures 1204 may beused. For instance, two connectors, four connectors, five connectors,twelve connectors, or some other number of pairs of connectors 1202 withcorresponding engagement structures 1204 may be used to deploy panel604.

FIGS. 19-21 depict the deployment of a group of flexible rods from asatellite using a deployment system. Specifically, FIGS. 19-21 areillustrations of a cross-sectional view of satellite 102 with deploymentsystem 120 taken along lines 19-19 in FIG. 6 as group of rods 612 areextended from deployment system 120. Group of flexible rods 712 areshown without group of panels 600 to illustrate the movement of group offlexible rods 712. Each of group of panels 600 unfolds in a similarmanner to panel 604 shown in FIGS. 10-18.

In FIG. 19, an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a deploymentsystem for a satellite is depicted in accordance with an illustrativeembodiment. In this depicted example, group of flexible rods 712 has notstarted to extend from chamber 701 of deployment system 120.

Group of flexible rods 712 includes flexible rod 1900, flexible rod1902, and flexible rod 1904 in addition to flexible rod 802. In thisillustrative example, flexible rod 1900 is attached to barrel nut 1906,flexible rod 1902 is attached to barrel nut 1908, and flexible rod 1904is attached to barrel nut 1910. Barrel nut 1906, barrel nut 1908, andbarrel nut 1910 are configured to pivot as each corresponding flexiblerod is extended, as described with respect to flexible rod 802 andbarrel nut 806 in FIG. 8.

Referring next to FIG. 20, an illustration of a cross-sectional view ofa deployment system for a satellite is depicted in accordance with anillustrative embodiment. In this depicted example, spring 710 hasstarted to unwind from spool 700, as described in FIG. 9, causing groupof flexible rods 712 to extend from chamber 701 of deployment system120.

Engagement structures 2000 are also deployed from chamber 701 as groupof flexible rods 712 are extended. In this illustrative example,engagement structures 2000 are attached to flexible rod 1900, engagementstructures 2002 are attached to flexible rod 1902, and engagementstructures 2004 are attached to flexible rod 1904 in this illustrativeexample.

Turning next to FIG. 21, an illustration of a cross-sectional view of adeployment system for a satellite is depicted in accordance with anillustrative embodiment. In this depicted example, group of flexiblerods 712 are fully extended.

With reference to FIG. 22, an illustration a satellite with a group ofpanels deployed from the satellite is depicted in accordance with anillustrative embodiment. In this depicted example, satellite 102 isshown after group of panels 600 have been deployed from satellite 102using deployment system 120 as described in FIGS. 10-21. In this view,all four panels in group of panels 600 have been deployed by deploymentsystem 120. Group of panels 600 may be used to generate electricity forsatellite 102.

In FIG. 23, an illustration of a satellite with a group of panelsdeployed from the satellite is depicted in accordance with anillustrative embodiment. In this depicted example, satellite 2300 is anexample of another physical implementation for satellite 202 shown inblock form in FIG. 2.

In this illustrative example, satellite 2300 is shown after group ofpanels 2302 have been deployed from satellite 2300 using deploymentsystem 2304. Deployment system 2304 operates in a similar manner asdeployment system 120 as described with reference to FIG. 1 and FIGS.5-21.

As illustrated, group of panels 2302 are group of antenna reflectorpanels 2303. Group of antenna reflector panels 2303 comprises panel2306, panel 2308, panel 2310, and panel 2312. Panel 2306, panel 2308,panel 2310, and panel 2312 are reflective antenna arrays in thisillustrative example.

Panel 2306, panel 2308, panel 2310, and panel 2312 are part of antennasystem 2314. Group of antenna reflector panels 2303 in antenna system2314 is configured to reflect radio waves in a desired direction. Inthis illustrative example, the housing of satellite 2300 is used as partof the structure of antenna system 2314. The size of each of group ofantenna reflector panels 2303 is not limited by the size of satellite2300.

Turning next to FIG. 24, an illustration of a satellite is depicted inaccordance with an illustrative embodiment. In this depicted example,satellite 2400 is an example of another physical implementation forsatellite 202 shown in block form in FIG. 2.

As depicted, satellite 2400 includes housing 2402 with number of sides2404. Number of sides 2404 includes side 2406, side 2408, side 2410, andside 2412. Satellite 2400 also includes top plate 2414 and bottom plate2416.

Satellite 2400 comprises group of solar panels 2417. Group of solarpanels 2417 includes solar panel 2418, solar panel 2419, solar panel2420, and solar panel 2421 in this illustrative example. Solar panel2418, solar panel 2419, solar panel 2420, and solar panel 2421 areassociated with side 2406, side 2408, and side 2410, and side 2412,respectively, of satellite 2400.

Satellite 2400 also includes deployment system 2422 in this illustrativeexample. Deployment system 2422 is associated with housing 2402 ofsatellite 2400. Deployment system 2422 is configured to deploy a groupof components (not shown in this view) from satellite 2400 after solarpanel 2418, solar panel 2419, solar panel 2420, and solar panel 2421have been unfolded from satellite 2400.

With reference to FIG. 25, an illustration of a satellite is depicted inaccordance with an illustrative embodiment. In this depicted example,satellite 2400 from FIG. 24 is shown with solar panel 2418, solar panel2419, solar panel 2420, and solar panel 2421 in an unfolded position.Parabolic antenna reflector 2500 is in folded configuration 2501 aroundnumber of sides 2404 of satellite 2400. In this manner, parabolicantenna reflector 2500 is stored in folded configuration 2501 betweengroup of solar panels 2417 and number of sides 2404 of satellite 2400until deployed.

Parabolic antenna reflector 2500 is configured to be deployed usingdeployment system 2422. Deployment system 2422 is located in an uppersection of satellite 2400 in this illustrative example. Deploymentsystem 2422 may include a group of flexible rods, an interface system,and a deployment mechanism. The deployment mechanism extends the groupof flexible rods from deployment system 2422 to deploy parabolic antennareflector 2500, as described above.

Group of structural rods 2502 are attached to parabolic antennareflector 2500. Group of structural rods 2502 are configured to deploywith parabolic antenna reflector 2500 such that parabolic antennareflector 2500 has a desired shape.

In this depicted example, satellite 2400 also includes plate 2504. Plate2504 is deployed from the top of satellite 2400 and used to focuselectromagnetic signals to satellite 2400.

In FIG. 26, an illustration of a satellite with a group of componentsdeployed from the satellite is depicted in accordance with anillustrative embodiment. In this depicted example, parabolic antennareflector 2500 is in deployed configuration 2601.

The deployment is performed using group of flexible rods 2600 associatedwith parabolic antenna reflector 2500 and a deployment mechanism (notshown) configured to extend group of flexible rods 2600 as parabolicantenna reflector 2500 moves from folded configuration 2501 to deployedconfiguration 2601.

Group of structural rods 2502 deploy parabolic antenna reflector 2500with a desired parabolic shape. Satellite 2400 is surrounded byparabolic antenna reflector 2500 when parabolic antenna reflector 2500is in deployed configuration 2601.

In this illustrative example, the housing of satellite 2400 andparabolic antenna reflector 2500 form antenna system 2602. The housingof satellite 2400 is used as part of the structure of antenna system2602. Plate 2504 is used to focus electromagnetic signals to antennasystem 2602.

The illustrations of deployment system 120, deployment system 2304, anddeployment system 2422, and the components within deployment system 120,deployment system 2304, and deployment system 2422 in FIG. 1 and FIGS.5-26 are not meant to imply physical or architectural limitations to themanner in which an illustrative embodiment may be implemented. Othercomponents in addition to or in place of the ones illustrated may beused. Some components may be optional.

For example, although solar panels and antenna reflector panels areshown being deployed from satellite 2400, deployment system 2422 alsomay deploy a drag device. In other illustrative examples, group of solarpanels 2417 may be absent. Instead, parabolic antenna reflector 2500 maybe deployed in response to a number of doors opening in deploymentsystem 2422 to expose group of flexible rods 2600.

In still other illustrative examples, satellite 102 may be smaller thandepicted in FIG. 1. For instance, satellite 102 may include only thespace between group of panels 600 shown in FIG. 6. In this instance,electronics may be integrated within the space between group of panels600. In other words, the entire spacecraft is bounded by the maximumlinear dimensions of deployment system 120 shown in FIG. 5.

Referring next to FIG. 27, an illustration of a solar panel is depictedin accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In this depicted example,solar panel 2700 is an example of a physical implementation for solarpanel 400 shown in block form in FIG. 4. Solar panel 2700 includes solararray 2702.

In this illustrative example, solar modules 2704 include first set ofsolar modules 2706 and second set of solar modules 2708. First set ofsolar modules 2706 include cells that may be folded along longitudinalaxis 2710 of solar array 2702, while second set of solar modules 2708include cells that may be folded along diagonal axis 2712 or diagonalaxis 2714 of solar array 2702. Section 2716 of solar array 2702comprises two of first set of solar modules 2706 and two of second setof solar modules 2708 in this illustrative example.

With reference next to FIG. 28, an illustration of a section of a solararray is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In thisdepicted example, section 2716 of solar array 2702 from FIG. 27 is shownin greater detail.

As illustrated, section 2716 of solar array 2702 comprises solar module2800, solar module 2802, solar module 2804, and solar module 2806. Solarmodule 2800 and solar module 2804 are part of first set of solar modules2706 and configured to be folded along diagonal axis 2712. Solar module2806 and solar module 2804 are part of second set of solar modules 2708and configured to be folded along a longitudinal axis, such aslongitudinal axis 2710 in FIG. 27.

In this illustrative example, solar module 2800, solar module 2802,solar module 2804, and solar module 2806 are attached to one another atconnection points 2808. Connection points 2808 may include mechanicalconnections, electrical connections, or both. In this illustrativeexample, solar module 2800 is connected to solar module 2806 atconnection point 2810 and solar module 2802 at connection point 2812. Ina similar fashion, solar module 2804 is connected to solar module 2802at connection point 2814 and solar module 2806 at connection point 2816.

In this depicted example, at connection points 2808, solar module 2800,solar module 2802, solar module 2804, and solar module 2806 are tapedtogether and then electrically connected. In an illustrative example,the connection may be made using resistive welding. The tape used toconnect each solar module may include an adhesive that comprises amaterial selected from at least one of silicone, acrylic, or some othersuitable type of material.

In FIG. 29, an illustration of a solar module is depicted in accordancewith an illustrative embodiment. In this depicted example, solar module2802 from FIG. 28 is shown in greater detail.

As depicted, solar module 2802 comprises a number of solar cells 2900.Solar cells 2900 include nine cells in this illustrative example. Inother illustrative examples, more or fewer cells may be present in solarmodule 2802 depending on the particular implementation.

In this depicted example, bus bars 2901 surround solar module 2802. Busbars 2901 are conductive structures that surround solar module 2802.

In this illustrative example, bus bars 2901 include negative bus bar2902, negative bus bar 2904, positive bus bar 2906, and positive bus bar2908. Bus bars 2901 are configured to allow current to flow to othersolar modules. In particular, current flows in the direction of arrow2910 using interconnects 2912 electrically connecting solar cells 2900to one another. In other words, arrow 2910 shows the energy path ofsolar module 2802. Interconnects 2912 comprise a conductive materialselected from at least one of copper, gold, silver, or some othersuitable type of material.

In other illustrative examples, bus bars 2901 are arranged in adifferent configuration than shown in this figure. For instance, theposition of negative bus bar 2902 and negative bus bar 2904 may beswitched with the position of positive bus bar 2906 and positive bus bar2908. As a result, current will flow to other solar modules in adifferent manner.

Referring next to FIG. 30, an illustration of a solar module is depictedin accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In this depicted example,solar module 2800 from FIG. 28 is shown in greater detail.

As depicted, solar module 2800 comprises solar cells 3000. Solar cells3000 include nine cells in this illustrative example. In otherillustrative examples, more or fewer cells may be present in solarmodule 2800 depending on the particular implementation.

In this depicted example, bus bars 3001 surround solar module 2800. Busbars 3001 include negative bus bar 3002, negative bus bar 3004, positivebus bar 3006, and positive bus bar 3008. Bus bars 3001 are configured toallow current to flow between solar modules. In particular, currentflows in the direction of arrow 3010 using interconnects 3012electrically connecting solar cells 3000 to one another. In other words,arrow 3010 shows the energy path of solar module 2800. Interconnects3012 comprise a conductive material selected from at least one ofcopper, gold, silver, or some other suitable type of material.

The configuration of solar modules 2704 in solar array 2702 in FIGS.27-30 allows solar panel 2700 to be folded into a folded configuration.In particular, first set of solar modules 2706 and second set of solarmodules 2708 are configured to allow folding along an axis such that therisk of damage to one or more of the solar cells within solar array 2702may be reduced.

Instead of folding solar modules 2704 across one or more solar cellswithin the modules, each of solar modules 2704 may be folded at aconnection point. For instance, in one illustrative example, solarmodules 2704 are folded at connections points between the modules,interconnects between solar cells within the module, or both. Moreover,the position of bus bars 2901 and bus bars 3001 in solar module 2802 andsolar module 2800, respectively, allows for connections both verticallyand horizontally during integration of solar module 2802 and solarmodule 2800 with other solar modules.

With reference next to FIG. 31, an illustration of a steering system fora satellite is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.In this depicted example, steering system 3100 is an example of aphysical implementation for steering system 246 shown in block form inFIG. 2. In other illustrative examples, the components within steeringsystem 3100 may be implemented in a different manner than shown in thisfigure, depending on the functionality involved.

In this depicted example, steering system 3100 is located in compartment3101 of a satellite. For instance, compartment 3101 may be locatedwithin space 512 between group of panels 600 of deployment system 120shown in FIG. 6. In another illustrative example, steering system 3100may be located within a compartment above or below the deployment systemin the housing of the satellite.

As depicted, steering system 3100 includes movement system 3102 andmovement system 3104. Movement system 3102 and movement system 3104 areconfigured to move platform 3106 about pivot point 3108.

In this illustrative example, movement system 3102 includes actuator3110 and spring 3112. Movement system 3104 includes actuator 3114 andspring 3116. Actuator 3110 and actuator 3114 may be rack and pinionlinear actuators in this illustrative example. In other illustrativeexamples, actuator 3110 and actuator 3114 may take other forms,depending on the particular implementation.

As illustrated, actuator 3110 and actuator 3114 move in the direction ofarrow 3118. For example, actuator 3110 and actuator 3114 extend andretract in the direction of arrow 3118.

In this depicted example, spring 3112 and spring 3116 are attached tothe housing of the satellite. In particular, spring 3112 and spring 3116are attached to plate 3120. Plate 3120 may form the upper portion of thehousing of a deployment mechanism in the deployment system in thisillustrative example.

Platform 3106 is configured to move in response to movement of actuator3110, actuator 3114, or both. Platform 3106 moves about pivot point 3108in this illustrative example. In this manner, platform 3106 is agimbaled platform. The deployed components (not shown) are attached toplatform 3106 such that the deployed components tilt as platform 3106moves.

Steering system 3100 with movement system 3102 and movement system 3104provides steering for the components deployed from the satellite overthe mission lifetime of the satellite. With the use of movement system3102 and movement system 3104, the deployed components may be moved tohave a desired orientation. For instance, platform 3106 may be movedsuch that substantially all of the solar panels attached to thesatellite are tilted such that the solar panels receive solar radiation.

Turning next to FIG. 32, an illustration of a cross-sectional view of asteering system for a satellite is depicted in accordance with anillustrative embodiment. In this depicted example, a cross-sectionalview of steering system 3100 with movement system 3102 is shown takenalong the lines 32-32 in FIG. 31. Actuator 3114 moves in the directionof arrow 3200 in this illustrative example.

In FIG. 33, an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a steeringsystem for a satellite is depicted in accordance with an illustrativeembodiment. In this illustrative example, actuator 3114 has moved in thedirection of arrow 3200 shown in FIG. 32, resulting in the movement ofplatform 3106. Next, actuator 3114 moves in the direction of arrow 3300.

With reference next to FIG. 34, an illustration of a cross-sectionalview of a steering system for a satellite is depicted in accordance withan illustrative embodiment. In this illustrative example, actuator 3114has moved in the direction of arrow 3300 shown in FIG. 33, resulting inthe movement of platform 3106. In another illustrative example, steeringsystem 3100 may be implemented for the orthogonal axis to providecomplete control over the plane of the deployed components.

The illustrations of solar modules 2704 in solar array 2702 in FIGS.27-30 and steering system 3100 in FIGS. 31-34 are not meant to implyphysical or architectural limitations to the manner in which anillustrative embodiment may be implemented. Other components in additionto or in place of the ones illustrated may be used. Some components maybe optional.

Moreover, the different components shown in FIG. 1 and FIGS. 5-34 may beillustrative examples of how components shown in block form in FIGS. 2-4can be implemented as physical structures. Additionally, some of thecomponents in FIG. 1 and FIGS. 5-34 may be combined with components inFIGS. 2-4, used with components in FIGS. 2-4, or a combination of thetwo.

With reference now to FIG. 35, an illustration of a flowchart of aprocess for deploying a group of panels is depicted in accordance withan illustrative embodiment. The process described in FIG. 35 may beimplemented using deployment system 210 in satellite 202 in FIG. 2.

The process begins by activating a deployment system (operation 3500).For instance, a launch lock in the deployment system may activate thedeployment system.

Next, the process extends a group of flexible members from a spacecraft(operation 3502). In this illustrative example, the spacecraft is asatellite.

The group of panels is then moved from a folded configuration to adeployed configuration using an interface system such that the group offlexible members is extended from the spacecraft (operation 3504) withthe process terminating thereafter.

Referring next to FIG. 36, an illustration of a flowchart of a processfor deploying a group of panels from a spacecraft is depicted inaccordance with an illustrative embodiment. The process described inFIG. 36 may be implemented using deployment system 210 in satellite 202in FIG. 2.

The process begins by opening a number of doors covering the group ofpanels located against the number of sides of a housing of thespacecraft (operation 3600). The group of panels may be positioned in afolded configuration against a number of sides of the spacecraft.

Next, a deployment mechanism is activated (operation 3602). Thisdeployment mechanism may include a torsion spring wound around a spool,or a motor, within a housing of the deployment system.

Thereafter, the group of flexible members is unwound from the spool(operation 3604). The group of flexible members is pushed out of achamber in the deployment system when the deployment mechanism isactivated.

The process then engages a group of engagement structures associatedwith the group of flexible members with connectors connected to thegroup of panels to move the group of panels from the foldedconfiguration to the deployed configuration (operation 3606) with theprocess terminating thereafter.

The flowcharts and block diagrams in the different depicted embodimentsillustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of somepossible implementations of apparatuses and methods in an illustrativeembodiment. In this regard, each block in the flowcharts or blockdiagrams may represent at least one of module, a segment, a function, ora portion a combination thereof of an operation or step.

In some alternative implementations of an illustrative embodiment, thefunction or functions noted in the blocks may occur out of the ordernoted in the figures. For example, in some cases, two blocks shown insuccession may be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks maysometimes be performed in the reverse order, depending upon thefunctionality involved. Also, other blocks may be added in addition tothe illustrated blocks in a flowchart or block diagram.

Illustrative embodiments of the disclosure may be described in thecontext of spacecraft manufacturing and service method 3700 as shown inFIG. 37 and spacecraft 3800 as shown in FIG. 38. Turning first to FIG.37, an illustration of a spacecraft manufacturing and service method isdepicted in the form of a block diagram in accordance with anillustrative embodiment. During pre-production, spacecraft manufacturingand service method 3700 may include specification and design 3702 ofspacecraft 3800 in FIG. 38 and material procurement 3704. Duringproduction, component and subassembly manufacturing 3706 and systemintegration 3708 of spacecraft 3800 in FIG. 38 takes place. Thereafter,spacecraft 3800 in FIG. 38 may go through certification 3710 in order tobe placed in service 3712. Certification 3710 may include meetingcustomer requirements, industry requirements, governmental requirements,or some combination thereof. While in service by a customer, spacecraft3800 in FIG. 38 is scheduled for routine maintenance and service 3714,which may include modification, reconfiguration, refurbishment, andother maintenance or service.

Each of the processes of spacecraft manufacturing and service method3700 may be performed or carried out by at least one of a systemintegrator, a third party, or an operator. In these examples, theoperator may be a customer. For the purposes of this description, asystem integrator may include, without limitation, any number ofspacecraft manufacturers and major-system subcontractors; a third partymay include, without limitation, any number of vendors, subcontractors,and suppliers; and an operator may be company, a military entity, aservice organization, and so on.

With reference now to FIG. 38, an illustration of a spacecraft isdepicted in the form of a block diagram in which an illustrativeembodiment may be implemented. In this illustrative example, spacecraft3800 is produced by spacecraft manufacturing and service method 3700 inFIG. 37. Spacecraft 3800 may include frame 3802 with a plurality ofsystems 3804 and interior 3806.

Examples of plurality of systems 3804 include one or more of propulsionsystem 3808, electrical system 3810, hydraulic system 3812,environmental system 3814, and thermal system 3816. Although anaerospace example is shown, different illustrative embodiments may beapplied to other industries, such as the aircraft industry, theautomotive industry, the ship industry, or other suitable industries.

Apparatus and methods embodied herein may be employed during at leastone of the stages of spacecraft manufacturing and service method 3700 inFIG. 37. In particular, deployment system 210 from FIG. 2 may beimplemented during any one of the stages of spacecraft manufacturing andservice method 3700. For example, without limitation, deployment system210 may be installed during at least one of component and subassemblymanufacturing 3706, system integration 3708, routine maintenance andservice 3714, or some other stage of spacecraft manufacturing andservice method 3700. In another illustrative example, deployment system210 is used to deploy components during in service 3712.

In one illustrative example, components or subassemblies produced incomponent and subassembly manufacturing 3706 in FIG. 37 may befabricated or manufactured in a manner similar to components orsubassemblies produced while spacecraft 3800 is in service 3712 in FIG.37.

As yet another example, a number of apparatus embodiments, methodembodiments, or a combination thereof may be utilized during productionstages, such as component and subassembly manufacturing 3706 and systemintegration 3708 in FIG. 37. A number of apparatus embodiments, methodembodiments, or a combination thereof may be utilized while spacecraft3800 is in service 3712, during maintenance and service 3714, or both inFIG. 37. The use of a number of the different illustrative embodimentsmay substantially expedite the assembly of spacecraft 3800, reduce thecost of spacecraft 3800, or a combination thereof.

Thus, the illustrative embodiments provide a method and apparatus fordeploying group of panels 224. In one illustrative embodiment, anapparatus comprises group of panels 224 in folded configuration 228against number of sides 208 of spacecraft 201, group of flexible members214 connected to group of panels 224, and interface system 216associated with group of panels 224 and group of flexible members 214.Interface system 216 is configured to move group of panels 224 fromfolded configuration 228 to deployed configuration 230 when group offlexible members 214 is extended from spacecraft 201.

With the use of an illustrative embodiment, larger components may bestored and deployed from a satellite, as opposed to with some currentlyused systems. For example, when panels are folded and stored within thesatellite, the surface area of the panels may be larger than thesatellite. As compared to cantilevered solutions, where the panel sizeis limited by the size of the satellite, the illustrative embodimentsprovide a method and system capable of deploying larger panels thanbefore. In other words, unlike some currently used systems, the size ofthe panels deployed from the satellite is not limited by the size of thesatellite.

The illustrative embodiments also allow larger panels to be folded moreefficiently with a reduced risk of damages to the components within thepanels. For instance, with the use of solar panel 400 with first set ofsolar modules 410 and second set of solar modules 412, solar panel 400may be folded and stored within a satellite in a manner that decreasesthe risk of damages to one of the solar modules.

In addition, deployment system 210 with group of flexible members 214and interface system 216 provide a passive way to deploy group of panels224 in a desired manner. As a result, the size of group of panels 224stored within deployment system 210 may be increased compared to somecurrently used systems that have panels that unfold from the side of asatellite. Larger panels allow for more efficient operations to beperformed by the satellite. Group of flexible members 214 and interfacesystem 216 allow group of panels 224 to be extended in a desired mannersuch that each of group of panels 224 unfolds.

In other examples, when it is desirable for group of panels 224 to havean alternative configuration, deployment system 210 may be arranged invarious positions within the satellite to deploy group of panels 224 asneeded. For instance, when deploying a parabolic antenna, deploymentsystem 210 is positioned at the top of the satellite and deployscomponents folded around the satellite.

Additionally, deployment system 210 provides a compact and light-weightdeployment system that does not increase the weight of the satellitemore than desired. Deployment system 210 may be implemented in varioussizes of satellites without substantially increasing the weight of thesatellite and in turn, increasing the cost of launching the satellite.

With the use of steering system 246, group of panels 224 deployed fromsatellite 202 may be maneuvered to track the sun, track objects ofinterest, increase drag during operations of satellite 202, or acombination thereof. As a result, group of panels 224 may receive adesired amount of solar radiation used to generate power to performoperations for satellite 202.

The description of the different illustrative embodiments has beenpresented for purposes of illustration and description, and is notintended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments in the formdisclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to thoseof ordinary skill in the art. Further, different illustrativeembodiments may provide different features as compared to otherdesirable embodiments. The embodiment or embodiments selected are chosenand described in order to best explain the principles of theembodiments, the practical application, and to enable others of ordinaryskill in the art to understand the disclosure for various embodimentswith various modifications as are suited to the particular usecontemplated.

1. An apparatus comprising: a panel in a folded configuration within aside of a spacecraft, wherein the panel includes a solar arraycomprising: a first set of solar modules configured to be folded along alongitudinal axis; and a second set of solar modules configured to befolded along a diagonal axis to form the folded configuration for thesolar array; a flexible member connected to the panel; and an interfacesystem associated with the panel and the flexible member, wherein theinterface system is configured to move the panel from the foldedconfiguration to a deployed configuration when the flexible member isextended from the spacecraft.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1 furthercomprising: a deployment mechanism configured to extend the flexiblemember from an interior of the spacecraft to an exterior of thespacecraft such that the panel move from the folded configuration to thedeployed configuration.
 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein thedeployment mechanism comprises at least one of a torsion spring or amotor within a housing of the spacecraft.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1further comprising: a spool within a housing of the spacecraft, whereinthe flexible member is configured to be wound on the spool.
 5. Theapparatus of claim 1, wherein the interface system comprises: connectorsassociated with the panel and the flexible member, wherein eachconnector in the connectors comprises a channel and is configured toattach to a panel in the panel; and a group of engagement structuresassociated with the flexible member, wherein an engagement structure inthe group of engagement structures is configured to engage with acorresponding connector in the connectors to move the panel in the panelfrom the folded configuration to the deployed configuration.
 6. Theapparatus of claim 1, wherein the panel is connected to the spacecraftby a number of contact points.
 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein apanel in the panel is selected from one of a solar array, an antenna,and a drag device.
 8. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising: asteering system configured to steer the panel in space.
 9. The apparatusof claim 1, wherein the interface system holds the panel substantiallyflat when the panel is in the deployed configuration.
 10. (canceled) 11.The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising: a housing of thespacecraft, wherein the panel is located against a number of sides ofthe housing when the panel is in the folded configuration; and a numberof doors configured to cover the panel located against the number ofsides of the housing in the folded configuration and open such that thepanel are moved from the folded configuration to the deployedconfiguration.
 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the flexible memberis comprised of structures with a cross-sectional shape selected from atleast one of a round shape, a triangular shape, a rectangular shape, anirregular shape, or a hexagonal shape. 13-21. (canceled)
 22. A steeringsystem comprising: a platform located within a housing of a satellite;and a movement system associated with the platform and configured tochange an orientation of the platform to maneuver a group of componentsin space after the group of components is deployed from the satellite.23. The steering system of claim 22, wherein the movement system isconfigured to tilt the group of components by changing the orientationof the platform such that the group of components has a desiredorientation.
 24. The steering system of claim 23, wherein the movementsystem comprises an actuator configured to extend and retract such thatthe platform moves about a pivot point.
 25. The steering system of claim24, wherein the group of components comprises a panel attached to theplatform and the movement system is configured to tilt the panel toreceive a desired amount of electromagnetic signals.
 26. The steeringsystem of claim 22, wherein the platform is located within the housingof the satellite.
 27. The steering system of claim 22 furthercomprising: a spring configured to reduce torque needed from themovement system to change the orientation of the platform. 28-32.(canceled)
 33. A solar panel comprising: a solar array having a firstset of solar modules configured to be folded along a longitudinal axisand a second set of solar modules configured to be folded along adiagonal axis to form a folded configuration for the solar array. 34.The solar panel of claim 33, wherein the solar array is associated witha satellite and configured to be deployed from the satellite using adeployment system.
 35. The solar panel of claim 33, wherein the firstset of solar modules is folded along the longitudinal axis and thesecond set of solar modules is folded along the diagonal axis such thata risk of damage to one or more solar cells within the solar array isreduced.